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R. Blaine McCleskey
U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area
Research Chemist
(303)541-3015
3215 Marine Street
Boulder
Colorado
80303
US
rbmccles@usgs.gov
20250414
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Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (ver. 2.0, March 2025)
2022-09-19
R. Blaine McCleskey
David A. Roth
Shaul Hurwitz
Paul A. Bliznik
Sara E. Peek
Andrew Hunt
Deborah A. Repert
D. Kirk Nordstrom
JoAnn M. Holloway
James W. Ball
Margery B. Price
U.S. Geological Survey
Boulder, Colorado
.csv
Radiogenic Strontium‐ and Uranium‐Isotope Tracers of Water‐Rock Interactions and Hydrothermal Flow in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>There are over 10,000 hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), where waters have pH values ranging from about 1 to 10 and surface temperatures up to 95 °C. Active hydrothermal areas in YNP provide insight into a variety of processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments, and possible indications of volcanic unrest. Investigations into the water chemistry of hydrothermal features, streams, and rivers in YNP have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other earth-science organizations and academic institutions since 1883 (Gooch and Whitfield, 1888; Price and others, 2024). More recently, USGS researchers have sampled hydrothermal features in YNP at least annually since 1994 (McCleskey and others, 2014, and references within).</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>In this Data Release, the chemical and isotopic analyses of 845 water samples collected beginning in 2009 are reported for numerous thermal and non-thermal features in YNP. This report combines water chemistry data presented in McCleskey and others (2014) with data collected after 2014. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations in YNP on and as part of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory monitoring plans (Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2006); arsenic, iron, nitrogen, and sulfur redox species in hot springs and overflow drainages; the occurrence and distribution of dissolved mercury and arsenic; and general hydrogeochemistry of hot springs throughout YNP. For most samples, data includes water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of major cations, anions, trace metals, alkalinity, sulfur redox species (hydrogen sulfide and thiosulfate), nutrients, silica, boron, arsenic and iron redox species, acidity, dissolved organic carbon, and hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios. For select samples, tritium (3H), stable carbon isotopes of the dissolved inorganic carbon, and sulfur isotopes of sulfate are presented. In addition, chemical data for river, stream, and lake waters were obtained to determine input of different solutes from thermal areas throughout YNP.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>References Cited</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>Gooch, F.A., and Whitfield, J.E., 1888, Analyses of waters of the Yellowstone National Park with an </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>account of the methods of analysis employed: Bulletin 47, p. 84.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>McCleskey, R.B., Chiu, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Campbell, K.M., Roth, D.A., Ball, J.W., and Plowman, T.I., 2014, Water-Chemistry Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, and Streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Beginning 2009: doi:10.5066/F7M043FS.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>Price, M.B., McCleskey, R.B., Oaks, A., Hurwitz, S., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2024, Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KSEVI1.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2006, Volcano and earthquake monitoring plan for the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 2006-2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5276, http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5276/.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>First posted - September 19, 2022 (available from author)</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>Revised - March 4, 2025 (version 2.0)</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>NOTE: While previous versions are available from the author, all the records in previous versions can be found in version 2.0.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Data were downloaded and minimally modified by the Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) in April, 2025 for simplified display on the interactive Geology of Yellowstone Map. Data in this feature class come from the "YNP_WQ.csv" file. Not all fields in the original table are displayed here, and some fields were given new headers. 88 records were excluded that were missing latitude and longitude data. The WSGS has not formally reviewed or quality-controlled these data; users are encouraged to consult the original data source.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
The purpose of this report is to: (1) provide water chemistry data from numerous sample sites in Yellowstone National Park; (2) describe methods used to collect and analyze the samples; (3) describe quality-control procedures; and (4) supplement interpretive reports. The data are provided in two formats: one is machine readable long format (YNP_WQ_Tidy.csv) and the other is wide format (YNP_WQ.csv) which is easier to read and print.
Support was provided by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program and its Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, USGS Water Mission Area, and the National Park Service.
A field project located in Yellowstone could not have succeeded without the support of the National Park Service scientists including Jeff Hungerford, Erin White, Dan Mahony, Henry Heasler, Annie Carlson, Kiernan Donahue, Elle Blom. We are also grateful to Kirk Nordstrom, James Ball, JoAnn Holloway, Margery Price, Lauren Harrison, Laura Clor, Kate M Campbell-Hay, Terry Plowman, Lonnie Olsen, Deb Bergfeld, Tyler Kane, John DeWild, and Charlie Alpers who provided lab analyses, field assistance, or review. This study was conducted under research permit YELL‐SCI‐5194.
McCleskey, R.B., Roth, D.A., Hurwitz, S., Bliznik, P.A., Peek, S.E., Hunt, A.G., Repert, D.A., Nordstrom, D.K., Holloway, J.M., Ball, J.W., and Price, M.B., 2022, Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (ver. 2.0, March 2025): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92XKJU7.
R. Blaine McCleskey
USGS Water Mission Area
Research Chemist
303-541-3015
303-541-3084
3215 Marine St.
Boulder
Colorado
80303
US
rbmccles@usgs.gov
Yellowstone National Park
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geoscientificInformation
inlandWaters
Yellowstone National Park, thermal waters, Hot Spring, Hydrothermal, arsenic, mercury, sulfur, isotope
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geoscientificInformation
inlandWaters
Yellowstone National Park
thermal waters
Hot Spring
Hydrothermal
arsenic
mercury
sulfur
isotope
USGS:618be315d34ec04fc9c7fb1f
Yellowstone National Park
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner whenever applicable. The data have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. Although the data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Users of the data are advised to read all metadata and associated documentation thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Public
Radiogenic Strontium‐ and Uranium‐Isotope Tracers of Water‐Rock Interactions and Hydrothermal Flow in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, USA
2024-10-26
James B. Paces
Shaul Hurwitz
Lauren N. Harrison
Jacob B. Lowenstern
R. Blaine McCleskey
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
n/a
publication
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
vol. 25, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011729
Water Chemistry Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, and Streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Beginning 2009
2014
R. Blaine McCleskey, Randall B. Chiu, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Kate M. Campbell, David A. Roth, James W. Ball, and Terry I. Plowman
spreadsheet
http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7M043FS
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2024-11-19
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Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Several techniques were used to assure the quality of the ionic analytical data. These techniques included calculation of charge balance, specific conductance imbalance (McCleskey and others, 2012), analysis of blanks, collection and analysis of replicate samples, analysis by alternate methods, analysis of U.S. Geological Survey SRWS, and analysis of replicate samples.
The charge balance calculation is a common quality-assurance/quality-control procedure to check the accuracy of a water analysis (Nordstrom and Munoz, 1994). For samples that were analyzed for major cations and anions, the accuracy of the analyses was checked for charge balance using the geochemical code PHREEQCI (Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999). The mean charge balance was -1.4 percent with a standard deviation of 5.8 percent. Analyses having a charge balance less than ± 10 percent are considered reliable for speciation calculations (Nordstrom and Munoz, 1994). Except for 20 samples, all samples had charge balances less than ± 10 percent. By coupling charge balance and specific conductance imbalance, the measurement most likely in error can be identified or narrowed down to a few possibilities (McCleskey, 2018; McCleskey and others, 2012). Field blanks were analyzed along with the samples as unknowns. Field blanks consisted of deionized water that was filtered and preserved in the same manner as the samples. Constituents were below detection in all these blanks, with a few exceptions. Low levels of calcium, iron, zinc, and mercury were detected in at least one blank. The constituents measured in the blanks were less than the typical error associated with the analyses and are typically a small fraction of the measured concentrations.
Several standard reference water samples were analyzed as unknowns multiple times during each analytical run to check for accuracy. U.S. Geological Survey standard reference water samples (SRWS) were used to check the analytical methods for major and trace metals, ammonium, anions, and mercury (U.S. Geological Survey, 2025). The SRWS PPREE and SCREE were used to check the analytical methods for rare earth elements (Verplanck and others, 2001). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard NIST1643d (NIST, 1999) was used to check the accuracy of trace metals determined by ICP-MS. The Environment Canada standards were used to check the CVAFS determination of Hg (Environment Canada, 2018). References Cited
Environment Canada, 2018, Certified Reference Materials: http://ec.gc.ca/inre-nwri/Default.asp?lang=En&n=D3D76BEC-1.
McCleskey, R.B., 2018, Calculated specific conductance using PHREEQCI: U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M907VD.
McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Ryan, J.N., and Ball, J.W., 2012, A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, no. 0, p. 369-382.
NIST, 1999, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Certificate of Analysis, Standard Reference Sample 1643d, Trace Elements in Water, https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/certificates/archive/1643d.pdf.
Nordstrom, D.K., and Munoz, J.L., 1994, Geochemical Thermodynamics, 2nd edition (second edition ed.): Caldwell, New Jersey, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 493 p.
Parkhurst, D.L., and Appelo, C.A.J., 1999, User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2) - A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4259, 312 p.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2025, Standard Reference Sample Project: U.S. Geological Survey accesed January, 2025 at https://qsb.usgs.gov/srs/srs.
Verplanck, P.L., Antweiler, R.C., Nordstrom, D.K., and Taylor, H.E., 2001, Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 16, p. 231-244.
Yes
The dataset represents the conditions and concentrations of samples collected at the time and location described.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, but latitude and longitude measurements are expected to be within 10 meters of the sample site
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
Methods Sample Location and Name
The latitude and longitude (NAD83) for each sample site are listed in the accompanying data file and were obtained with a portable GPS unit. The latitude and longitude measurements are expected to be within 10 meters of the sample site. Site names are listed on the USGS Board of Geographic Names (https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names) or identified by Yellowstone National Park as a named feature. Many sample sites are unnamed and identified as "Unnamed -" followed by a description and/or an unofficial site ID or name to better identify samples collected from the same location.
Collection and Preservation of Water Samples
Two general types of water samples were collected, thermal and non-thermal water. Thermal water samples from hot springs and pools were collected as close to the discharge source as possible. Extreme care was taken to safely collect water samples from the thermal sites, to protect fragile hot-spring mineral formations, and to minimize changes in temperature, pH, and water chemistry during sampling. Samples were collected from the middle of large springs, pools, and geysers by positioning the sample tubing intake using an extendable aluminum pole. At more easily accessible sites, the tubing intake was positioned in the source or channel by hand. Non-thermal river and stream water samples were collected using a DH-81 depth-integrating sampler with a clean 2-L HDPE bottle in approximately equal-width increments across the river. For small streams, water samples were collected as close to the center of flow as possible and in areas that appeared to be well mixed. Samples were collected on site by one of two techniques. The first technique, used for most thermal samples, consisted of pumping water directly from the source with a battery-operated peristaltic pump fitted with Teflon tubing through a filter (0.1-micrometer (µm) pore size plate filter, 2009-2015 or 0.45-µm pore size cartridge filter, 2016-2024). The second technique, used for most stream and river samples, consisted of filling a 1- or 2-L bottle with source water and filtering the sample by filling a 60-milliliter (mL) syringe with sample water, rinsing three times, and immediately forcing the water through a 33-mm disposable filter having a mixed-cellulose-ester membrane with a pore size of 0.2 µm. At selected sites, unfiltered water samples were also collected for the determination of total cations, mercury, trace metals, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and tritium.
Sequential aliquots were collected in separate containers for the determination of cations, trace metals, anions, alkalinity, redox species (iron, arsenic, and sulfur), stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of water, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and tritium. The sample bottles were rinsed with filtered water, the samples were then collected, and stabilizing reagents, if needed, were added. The following sampling splits were collected:
1. Cations and trace metals: filtered and unfiltered splits, preserved with nitric acid (1% acid volume to total sample volume), polyethylene bottle
2. Anions, Alkalinity, Acidity: filtered, no preservative added, chilled, polyethylene bottle
3. Arsenic and iron redox species: filtered, preserved with hydrochloric acid (1% acid volume to total sample volume), chilled, opaque polyethylene bottle
4. Ammonium: filtered, preserved with sulfuric acid (0.5% acid volume to total sample volume), polyethylene bottle
5. Mercury: filtered and unfiltered splits, preserved with nitric acid/potassium dichromate (2009-2014) or nitric acid/bromochloride (2014-2024) (1-4% acid volume to total sample volume), glass bottle with Teflon lid
6. Dissolved organic carbon: filtered, no preservative added, chilled, opaque glass bottle (pre-baked)
7. Tritium: unfiltered, no preservative added, chilled, polyethylene bottle
8. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of water: unfiltered, no preservative added, chilled, glass bottle
9. δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon: filtered, no preservative added, chilled, opaque glass bottle
10. δ34S of sulfate in water: filtered, collected on an anion-exchange resin (Revesz and others, 2006)
All sample containers were precleaned prior to field use following the procedures described in McCleskey and others, 2014. .
Field Measurements
Measurements of temperature, pH, and specific conductance were performed on site. Measurements of pH were made on unfiltered sample water pumped from the source through an acrylic plastic flow-through cell or directly in the source water, if safe. The flow-through cell contained a combination pH electrode, a thermistor, and test tubes containing buffer solutions for pH calibration. All components were thermally equilibrated with the sample water before obtaining measurements. Where practical, specific conductance and source temperature were measured by immersing the combined conductance/temperature probe directly into the source as close to the sampling point as possible. Otherwise, the probe was immersed in the flow-through cell.
Because field measurement of pH in thermal waters is challenging and accurate pH measurements are critical for interpreting analytical results (Ball and others, 2006), special care was taken when measuring this parameter. At each site, the flow-through cell, temperature probe, electrode, and calibration buffers were thermally equilibrated prior to calibration and measurement. The system was calibrated using at least two bracketing standard buffers (chosen from among 1.68, 4.01, 7.00, or 10.00) using their pH values at the sample temperature (Midgley and Torrance, 1991). After calibration, the pH electrode was placed in the sample water in the flow-through cell and monitored until no changes in temperature (± 0.1°C) or pH (± 0.01 standard unit) were detected for at least 30 seconds. Following sample measurement, the electrode was immersed in the standard buffer of pH closest to that of the sample and allowed to equilibrate. The entire calibration and measurement process was repeated as many times as necessary until the measured value for the buffer differed by no more than 0.05 standard units from its certified pH at the measured temperature.
Specific conductance measurements are referenced to 25°C. However, typical electrical conductivity temperature compensation (ISO, 1985) for acid geothermal waters can result in large errors (>50%) for waters with pH<4 because the hydrogen ion transport number (which is not accounted for with the commonly used α’s) can be substantial and the temperature is often much greater than 25°C. The method for electrical conductivity temperature compensation by McCleskey (2013) for low-pH waters is more reliable for calculating the specific conductance at 25°C for geothermal waters and is also used to determine the specific conductance reported here for water having a pH<4.
Streamflow Measurements
The discharge data were obtained by direct measurement of stream velocity and stream cross-sectional area using standard USGS methods (Carter and Davidian, 1968; Turnipseed and Sauer, 2010). All velocity determinations were wading measurements made with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (FlowTracker Handheld-ADV) (Turnipseed and Sauer, 2010). Discharges were assigned a qualitative uncertainty of ± 5% based on the measurement method and general characteristics of the measurement section and velocity distribution.
Laboratory Methods
All laboratory measurements were made at U.S. Geological Survey Laboratories. All reagents were of equal or higher purity than the reagent-grade standards of the American Chemical Society. Deionized water and redistilled or trace-metal-grade acids were used in all preparations. Samples were diluted as necessary to bring the analyte concentration within the optimal range of the method. The detection limits for anions and ammonium were determined using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method detection limit (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The detection limits for inductively coupled plasma– optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), iron and arsenic redox determinations, and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) were determined using the method presented by Skogerboe and Grant (1970). The reported detection limit is also a function of sample dilution. Details on the instrumentation, techniques, general conditions, and variants from standard procedures are discussed in following sections.
Major Cation and Trace Metal Determinations
Concentrations of dissolved major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), silica (SiO2), and selected trace metals (Li, P, Al, B, Cr, Fe, Rb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) were determined using ICP–OES. The axial plasma viewing orientation was used for the major cations and trace metals, except for potassium. The radial plasma viewing orientation was used for potassium. A cesium chloride ionization buffer was added in-line prior to sample nebulization to suppress the ionization of potassium and lithium in the plasma. The concentrations of trace metals (Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Cs, Co, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Pb, Lu Mn, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Sm, Te, Tb, Tl, Th, Tm, Sn, W, U, Yb, Y, and Zr) were also determined using ICP–MS. An internal standard was added to the sample stream for ICP–MS measurements. The concentrations of many trace elements were only determined by ICP-MS. However, several trace metal concentrations were determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS and the data from the analytical technique that produced the most accurate and precise data were selected. The selection is based on potential interferences, the analyte concentration in relation to the method detection limit, and in cases where the two techniques were comparable, ICP-OES was often selected because the technique was used in previous YNP studies. Analytical errors for these constituents are typically less than 5 percent. Samples that were unfiltered and acidified in the field were filtered using a syringe and syringe filter (0.45-um pore size) prior to analysis to prevent fouling of sampling introduction systems.
Anion and Alkalinity Determinations
Concentrations of bromide (Br), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), nitrate (NO3), and sulfate (SO4) were determined by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed electrical conductivity detection (Brinton and others, 1995). Analytical errors for these constituents are typically less than 5 percent. Alkalinity was determined by automated titration (Thermo, 940-960 autotitrator) using standardized sulfuric acid (Barringer and Johnsson, 1996; Fishman and Friedman, 1989). Fifteen milliliters of sample were titrated with 0.01 normal (equivalents per liter) sulfuric acid to the bicarbonate end-point. The analytical error in alkalinity concentrations is less than 3 percent. Arsenic Redox Determinations
Hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was used to measure total dissolved arsenic (As(T)) and dissolved arsenite (As(III)) concentrations in HCl-acidified samples. A flow-injection analysis system was used to generate arsine from As(III) with sodium borohydride mixed in a gas-liquid separator with a 10% v/v HCl carrier solution (McCleskey and others, 2003). The determination of total dissolved arsenic (As(T)) concentrations required pre-reduction of As(V) using potassium iodide (KI), ascorbic acid, and hydrochloric acid. Arsenic redox species are routinely collected by filtering the water sample into an opaque HDPE bottle and then adding 1% (v/v) 6M HCl (McCleskey and others, 2004). Iron Redox Determinations
Total dissolved iron (Fe(T)) and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) concentrations (filtered and acidified with HCl) were determined in samples preserved with HCl using a modification of the FerroZine colorimetric method (Gibbs, 1976; To and others, 1999). All iron determinations were prepared in 25-mL volumetric flasks and then their absorbances were measured at 562 nm using a diode array spectrometer. For total dissolved iron determinations, hydroxylamine hydrochloride was first added to the sample to pre-reduce any ferric iron, then the FerroZine reagent and acetate buffer were added. Ferrous iron was determined by only adding FerroZine reagent and acetate buffer.
Ammonium Determinations
Concentrations of ammonium (filtered and acidified with H2SO4) were determined by ion chromatography (DX300 or ICS-5000). The eluent (20 mM methanesulfonic acid) and sample (25-uL) were pumped through a cation exchange column (CS12A) and ammonium was detected using suppressed electrical conductivity. The method detection limit was 0.05 to 0.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Mercury Determinations
Dissolved mercury (Hg) concentrations (filtered and preserved with HNO3/BrCl) and total Hg concentrations (unfiltered and preserved with HNO3/BrCl) were determined by direct cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS) using the method of Roth and others (2001). The method detection limit was 0.2 nanograms per liter.
Dissolved Organic Carbon
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured using the wet oxidation method (Aiken, 1992) with TOC Analyzer. Potassium biphthalate was used to calibrate the instrument, and sodium benzoate was used as a different organic carbon source to check the calibration. The method detection limit for DOC was 0.4 mg/L.
Tritium
Tritium analysis was adapted from Hunt, 2015 by using total measured gas pressure in the extraction line (total volume of gas measured) to compute mole fraction of gas measured ([ccSTP/ccSTP] see Hunt, 2015 for full details). Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Water
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios were determined at the USGS Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory in Reston, Virginia (http://isotopes.usgs.gov/). Hydrogen isotope ratios were determined using a hydrogen equilibration technique (Coplen, 1991; Revesz and Coplen, 2003a). Oxygen isotope ratios were determined using the CO2 equilibration technique of Epstein and Mayeda (1953), which has been automated by Revesz and Coplen (2003b). The isotopic concentration is reported in “delta notation,” which compares the isotope ratio of a sample to that of a reference standard.
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic results are reported relative to the standard VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) and normalized (Coplen and others, 1984) on scales such that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values of SLAP (Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) are –55.5 per mil and –428 per mil, respectively. The analytical uncertainty for the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios determinations are expected to be less than 1 per mill and 0.15 per mill, respectively.
δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon
Phosphoric acid is used to liberate carbon dioxide, which is analyzed for carbon isotopic abundance by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometery (Singleton and others, 2012). The expanded uncertainty is ±0.2 per mil.
δ34S of sulfate in water
Dissolved sulfate was collected on an anion-exchange resin in the field, eluted in the laboratory with 3 M KCl, and precipitated with barium at pH 3 to 4 as BaSO4. The sulfur in a BaSO4 solid sample was converted into SO2 gas, and a continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer was used to determine differences in the isotope-amount ratios of stable sulfur isotopes (34S/32S) of the product SO2 gas (Revesz and others, 2006). The analytical uncertainty is less than 0.2 per mil.
Acidity Determinations
Total acidity was determined by titrating samples having pH less than 4 to pH greater than 9 using an autotitrator and standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (McCleskey and others, 2014). Free acidity (as H+) was derived from the total acidity by subtracting the hydrogen ions produced by hydrolysis of SO4, Fe, Al, As(V), and F, as calculated by PHREEQC (Charlton and Parkhurst, 2002; Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999)
References Cited
Aiken, G.R., 1992, Chloride interference in the analysis of dissolved organic carbon by the wet oxidation method: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 26, p. 2435-2439.
Ball, J.W., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Holloway, J.M., 2006, Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2003-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1339, 137 p.
Barringer, J.L., and Johnsson, P.A., 1996, Theoretical considerations and a simple method for measuring alkalinity and acidity in low-pH waters by Gran titration: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 89-4029, 36 p.
Brinton, T.I., Antweiler, R.C., and Taylor, H.E., 1995, Method for the determination of dissolved chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in natural water using ion chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-426A, 16 p.
Carter, R.W., and Davidian, J., 1968, General procedures for gaging streams: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A6, 13 p.
Coplen, T.B., Friedman, I., and O'Neil, J.R., 1984, Comment on the International Atomic Energy Agency Report on the Advisory Group Meeting on Stable Isotope Reference Samples for Geochemical and Hydrological Investigation, Vienna, Austria, September 19-21, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 84-4136, iii, 7 p. ;28 cm. p.
Coplen, T.B., Wildman, J.D., and Chen, J., 1991, Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibrium technique for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 63, p. 910-912.
De Muynck, D., Huelga-Suarez, G., Van Heghe, L., Degryse, P., and Vanhaecke, F., 2009, Systematic evaluation of a strontium-specific extraction chromatographic resin for obtaining a purified Sr fraction with quantitative recovery from complex and Ca-rich matrices: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 24, p. 1498–1510.
Epstein, S., and Mayeda, T., 1953, Variation of O 18 content of water from natural sources: Geochimica and Cosmochimica Acta, v. 4, p. 213-224.
Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments: Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1, p. 55-56, 55-56 p.
Gibbs, C.R., 1976, Characterization and application of FerroZine iron reagent as a ferrous iron indicator: Analytical Chemistry, v. 48, no. 8, p. 1197-1201.
Hunt, A.G., 2015, Noble Gas Laboratory’s standard operating procedures for the measurement of dissolved gas in water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. A11, 22 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ tm5A11.
ISO, 1985, Water Quality - Determination of Electrical Conductivity; ISO-7888; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva.
McArthur, J.M., Howarth, R.J., and Bailey, R.R., 2001, Strontium isotope stratigraphy: LOWESS version 3: best fit to the marine Sr-isotope curve for 0–509 Ma and accompanying look-up table for deriving numerical age: Journal of Geology, v. 109, p. 155-170.
McArthur, J.M., Rio, D., Massari, F., Castradori, D., Bailey, T.R., Thirlwall, M., and Houghton, S., 2006, A revised Pleocene record for marine-87Sr/86Sr used to date an interglacial event recorded in the Cockburn Island Formation, Antarctic Peninsula: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 242, p. 126-136.
McCleskey, R.B., Ball, J.W., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2003, Metal interferences and their removal prior to the determination of As(T) and As(III) in acid mine waters by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4117, 14 p.
McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Maest, A.S., 2004, Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: an evaluation of the literature and new analytical results: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 7, p. 995-1009.
McCleskey, R.B., 2013, New method for electrical conductivity temperature compensation: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 47, p. 9874-9881.
McCleskey, R.B., Chiu, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Campbell, K.M., Roth, D.A., Ball, J.W., and Plowman, T.I., 2014, Water-Chemistry Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, and Streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Beginning 2009: doi:10.5066/F7M043FS.
Midgley, D., and Torrance, K., 1991, Potentiometric water analysis (Second ed.): National Power plc, Technology and Environmental Centre, Kelvin Avenue, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK, John Wiley and Sons.
Revesz, K., and Coplen, T.B., 2003a, Hydrogen isotope ratio analysis of water by gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration: Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) #1574: Techniques of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Revesz, K., and Coplen, T.B., 2003b, Oxygen isotope ratio analysis of water by gaseous carbon dioxide-water equilibration: Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) #489: Techniques of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Revesz, K., Qi, H. and Coplen, T.B., 2006. Determination of the δ34S of low-concentration sulfate in water; RSIL lab code 1949. 10-C8, Reston, VA.
Roth, D.A., Taylor, H.E., Domagalski, J., Dileanis, P., Peart, D.B., Antweiler, R.C., and Alpers, C.N., 2001, Distribution of inorganic mercury in Sacramento River water and sediment: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, p. 161-172.
Singleton, G.L., Révész, Kinga, and Coplen, T.B., 2012, Determination of the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon in water; RSIL lab code 1710, chap. 18 of Stable isotope-ratio methods, sec. C of Révész, Kinga, and Coplen, T.B. eds., Methods of the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 10, 28 p., available only at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/10c18/.
Skogerboe, R.K., and Grant, C.L., 1970, Detection limits and sensitivities for spectroscopic methods: Spectroscopic Letters, v. 3, p. 215-219.
To, T.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K.M., Ball, J.W., and McCleskey, R.B., 1999, New method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 807-813
Turnipseed, D.P., and Sauer, V.B., 2010, Discharge measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods book 3, chap. A8, 87 p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016, Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit, revision 2: EPA 821-R-16-006, 6 p.
2025-01-07
0
YNP_WQ_Tidy.csv
Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.
Producer Defined
Feature Class
0
OBJECTID
ObjectID
OID
4
0
0
Internal feature number.
Esri
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Shape
Shape
Geometry
0
0
0
Feature geometry.
Esri
Coordinates defining the features.
Sample_number
Sample number
String
255
0
0
Sample_site
Sample site
String
255
0
0
Region
Region
String
255
0
0
Type
Type
String
255
0
0
Date
Date
Date
8
0
0
Lat
Lat
Double
8
0
0
Long
Long
Double
8
0
0
Discharge__cfs_
Discharge (cfs)
String
255
0
0
Temp__C_
Temp (C)
Double
8
0
0
Field_pH
Field pH
Double
8
0
0
Field_spec_conductance__µS_cm_
Field spec conductance (µS/cm)
Double
8
0
0
Sodium__mg_L_
Sodium (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Chloride__mg_L_
Chloride (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Flouride__mg_L_
Flouride (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Sulfate__mg_L_
Sulfate (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Arsenic__µg_L_
Arsenic (µg/L)
String
255
0
0
Calcium__mg_L_
Calcium (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Magnesium__mg_L_
Magnesium (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Potassium__mg_L_
Potassium (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Aluminum__mg_L_
Aluminum (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Iron__mg_L_
Iron (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Silica__mg_L_
Silica (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
d18O__per_mil_
d18O (per mil)
Double
8
0
0
d2H__per_mil_
d2H (per mil)
Double
8
0
0
DOC__mg_L_
DOC (mg/L)
Double
8
0
0
Data_source
Data source
String
255
0
0
Time
Time
TimeOnly
8
0
0
YNP_WQ.csv
Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data.
Producer Defined
Area
Geographic area within the Yellowstone region where sample was collected
Producer Defined
Geographic area within the Yellowstone region where sample was collected
SampleID
Unique label used to identify sample
Producer Defined
Unique label used to identify sample
SampleSite
Sample site name and description
Producer Defined
Site names are listed on the USGS Board of Geographic Names or identified by Yellowstone National Park as a named feature. Many sample sites are unnamed and identified as "Unnamed -" followed by a description and/or an unofficial site ID or name to better identify samples collected from the same location.
WaterType
Type of water collected
Producer Defined
thermal water
Sample collected from the thermal feature
Producer defined
river, stream, or creek
Sample collected from either a river, stream, or creek
Producer defined
drillhole
Sample collected from a drillhole (well)
Producer defined
overflow
Sample collected from a drainage fed by a thermal feature
Producer defined
lake
Sample collected from a lake
Producer defined
seep
Sample collected from a seep (typically along a hillside)
Producer defined
snow
Snow sample
Producer defined
CollectionDate
Date sample was collected
Producer Defined
Samples collected between September 7, 2009 and November 19, 2024
CollectionTime_MountainDaylightTime
Time sample was collected (time zone: Mountain Daylight Time)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
Time of sample collection not reported
Producer defined
Time sample was collected, in 24-hour format (time zone: Mountain Daylight Time)
Latitude_NAD83
Latitude of sample site, in decimal degrees (Datum: NAD83)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
Latitude not determined
Producer defined
43.7153
45.0583
NAD83
0.0001
Longitude_NAD83
Longitude of sample site, in decimal degrees (Datum: NAD83)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
Longitude not determined
Producer defined
-111.2549
-110.0047
NAD83
0.0001
Discharge_CubicFeetPerSecond
Streamflow
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.05
231
cubic feet per second (CFS)
pH_Field_StandardUnits
pH of water measured on-site at the time of sample collection
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
1.44
9.6
standard units
0.01
pH_Lab_StandardUnits
pH of water measured in the laboratory
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
1.30
9.78
standard units
0.01
SpecificConductance_Field_MicroSiemensPerCentimeter
Specific conductance measured in the field using the nonlinear temperature compensation factor utilized by meter
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
29
11380
microSiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
1
SpecificConductance_Field_MicroSiemensPerCentimeter_Low-pH-TempComp
Specific conductance measured in the field using the low-pH temperature compensation factor (McCleskey, 2013))
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
32
20472
microSiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
1
SpecificConductance_Lab_MicroSiemensPerCentimeter
Specific conductance measured in the laboratory using the nonlinear temperature compensation factor utilized by meter
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
15
23110
microSiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius
1
WaterTemperature_DegreesCelsius
Water temperature measured on-site
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
4.6
136
degrees Celsius
WaterTemperature_FlowCell_DegreesCelsius
Water temperature measured in flow through cell
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
8.5
93.1
degrees Celsius
OxidationReductionPotential_Volts
Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) is a measurement of the electrical potential of water
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-0.226
0.717
volts
0.001
DissolvedOxygen_MilligramsPerLiter_DO
Concentration of dissolved oxygen
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.05
4.2
milligrams per liter
Density_GramsPerLiter
Density of water sample at 20°C
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.9983
1.0052
grams per milliliter
0.0001
DissolvedOrganicCarbon_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_DOC
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.05
24.8
milligrams per liter
Calcium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Ca
Concentration of dissolved calcium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.1
345
milligrams per liter
Magnesium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Mg
Concentration of dissolved Magnesium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0007
109
milligrams per liter
Sodium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Na
Concentration of dissolved sodium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.3
1550
milligrams per liter
Potassium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_K
Concentration of dissolved potassium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.2
340
milligrams per liter
Alkalinity_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_HCO3
Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<1
1536
milligrams per liter as HCO3
FreeAcidity_Millinormal
Free acidity
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.113
87
milligrams per liter
TotalAcidity_Millinormal
Total acidity
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.224
122
milligrams per liter
Chloride_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Cl
Concentration of dissolved chloride
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.1
958
milligrams per liter
Fluoride_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_F
Concentration of dissolved fluoride
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.01
37.9
milligrams per liter
Bromide_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Br
Concentration of dissolved bromide
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
2.78
milligrams per liter
Sulfate_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_SO4
Concentration of dissolved sulfate
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.2
5840
milligrams per liter
Thiosulfate_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_S2O3
Concentration of dissolved thiosulfate
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
61.1
milligrams per liter
Sulfide_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_H2S
Concentration of dissolved sulfide (H2S)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
43.8
milligrams per liter
Nitrate_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_NO3
Concentration of dissolved nitrate
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
97.9
milligrams per liter
Ammonium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_NH4
Concentration of dissolved ammonium (NH4)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.02
679
milligrams per liter
Silica_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_SiO2
Concentration of dissolved silica (SiO2)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.38
778
milligrams per liter
Boron_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_B
Concentration of dissolved boron
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
34.9
milligrams per liter
Aluminum_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Al
Concentration of dissolved aluminum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
309
milligrams per liter
Iron_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Fe
Concentration of dissolved iron
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
166
milligrams per liter
FerrousIron_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Fe(II)
Concentration of dissolved ferrous iron (Fe(II))
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.001
95.2
milligrams per liter
Lithium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Li
Concentration of dissolved lithium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0005
20.4
milligrams per liter
Rubidium_Dissolved_MilligramsPerLiter_Rb
Concentration of dissolved rubidium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
2.71
milligrams per liter
Manganese_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Mn
Concentration of dissolved manganese
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.1
3040
micrograms per liter
Strontium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sr
Concentration of dissolved strontium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
1970
micrograms per liter
Barium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ba
Concentration of dissolved barium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.05
807
micrograms per liter
Phosphorus_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_P
Concentration of dissolved phosphorus
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
1
4170
micrograms per liter
Arsenic_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_As
Concentration of dissolved arsenic
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.1
17090
micrograms per liter
Arsenite_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_As(III)
Concentration of dissolved arsenite (As(III))
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.5
14000
micrograms per liter
Beryllium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Be
Concentration of dissolved beryllium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.003
19
micrograms per liter
Bismuth_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Bi
Concentration of dissolved bismuth
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
4.3
micrograms per liter
Cadmium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cd
Concentration of dissolved cadmium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0008
11
micrograms per liter
Cerium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ce
Concentration of dissolved cerium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.002
366
micrograms per liter
Cobalt_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Co
Concentration of dissolved cobalt
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
92.8
micrograms per liter
Chromium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cr
Concentration of dissolved chromium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.06
307
micrograms per liter
Cesium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cs
Concentration of dissolved cesium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.4
2140
micrograms per liter
Copper_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cu
Concentration of dissolved copper
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.008
177
micrograms per liter
Dysprosium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Dy
Concentration of dissolved dysprosium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0004
22
micrograms per liter
Erbium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Er
Concentration of dissolved erbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0003
12
micrograms per liter
Europium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Eu
Concentration of dissolved europium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0001
2
micrograms per liter
Gadolinium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Gd
Concentration of dissolved gadolinium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0003
22
micrograms per liter
Holmium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ho
Concentration of dissolved holmium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0001
4.1
micrograms per liter
Lanthanum_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_La
Concentration of dissolved lanthanum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
168
micrograms per liter
Lutetium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Lu
Concentration of dissolved lutetium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.00006
1.4
micrograms per liter
Molybdenum_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Mo
Concentration of dissolved molybdenum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.05
904
micrograms per liter
Neodymium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Nd
Concentration of dissolved neodymium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
155
micrograms per liter
Nickel_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ni
Concentration of dissolved nickel
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.003
368
micrograms per liter
Lead_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Pb
Concentration of dissolved lead
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
82.2
micrograms per liter
Praseodymium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Pr
Concentration of dissolved praseodymium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0004
42
micrograms per liter
Rhenium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Re
Concentration of dissolved rhenium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0001
0.024
micrograms per liter
Antimony_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sb
Concentration of dissolved antimony
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.003
238
micrograms per liter
Selenium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Se
Concentration of dissolved selenium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.05
11
micrograms per liter
Samarium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sm
Concentration of dissolved samarium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0004
29
micrograms per liter
Tin_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sn
Concentration of dissolved tin
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.002
143
micrograms per liter
Terbium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tb
Concentration of dissolved terbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0002
3.7
micrograms per liter
Tellurium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Te
Concentration of dissolved tellurium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.002
0.4
micrograms per liter
Thorium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Th
Concentration of dissolved thorium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0007
34
micrograms per liter
Thallium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tl
Concentration of dissolved thallium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
10
micrograms per liter
Thulium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tm
Concentration of dissolved thulium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.00008
1.6
micrograms per liter
Uranium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_U
Concentration of dissolved uranium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.002
17
micrograms per liter
Vanadium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_V
Concentration of dissolved vanadium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
319
micrograms per liter
Tungsten_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_W
Concentration of dissolved tungsten
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
797
micrograms per liter
Yttrium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Y
Concentration of dissolved yttrium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.002
102
micrograms per liter
Ytterbium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Yb
Concentration of dissolved ytterbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0003
10
micrograms per liter
Zinc_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Zn
Concentration of dissolved zinc
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.1
5810
micrograms per liter
Zirconium_Dissolved_MicrogramsPerLiter_Zr
Concentration of dissolved zirconium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.008
418
micrograms per liter
TotalMercury_Total_NangramsPerLiter_Hg(T)
Concentration of total (unfiltered) mercury
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.2
1460000
nanograms per liter
Mercury_Dissolved_NangramsPerLiter_Hg
Concentration of dissolved mercury
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.1
27000
nanograms per liter
HydrogenIsotopeRatio_perMil_Delta2H
Hydrogen isotope ratio in water
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-155.12
-84.22
per mil
OxygenIsotopeRatio_perMil_Delta18O
Oxygen isotope ratio in water
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-19.81
-1.98
per mil
Tritium_TritiumUnits_3H
Concentration of tritium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-0.2
8.8
tritium units
TritiumError_AbsoluteValue
Tritium measurement error
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.03
0.7
absolute value
InorganicCarbonIsotopeRatio_Dissolved_perMil_Delta13C_DIC
Carbon isotope ratio for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-5.33
1.12
per mil
SulfurIsotopeRatio_Sulfate_perMil_Delta34S
Sulfur isotope ratio in sulfate
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
7.92
8.13
per mil
Chargebalance_Percent
Speciated chemical charge balance
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-87.7
14
percent
SpecificConductanceImbalance_Percent
Calculated specific conductance imbalance
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
-47.1
86.4
percent
Calcium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Ca
Concentration of total (unfiltered) calcium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
1.06
26.8
milligrams per liter
Magnesium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Mg
Concentration of total (unfiltered) magnesium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.011
16.9
milligrams per liter
Sodium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Na
Concentration of total (unfiltered) sodium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
2.3
344
milligrams per liter
Potassium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_K
Concentration of total (unfiltered) potassium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.94
37.4
milligrams per liter
Silica_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_SiO2
Concentration of total (unfiltered) silica (SiO2)
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
10.9
215
milligrams per liter
Boron_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_B
Concentration of total (unfiltered) boron
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
8.8
milligrams per liter
Aluminum_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Al
Concentration of total (unfiltered) aluminum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.003
9.51
milligrams per liter
Iron_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Fe
Concentration of total (unfiltered) iron
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.001
8.18
milligrams per liter
Lithium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Li
Concentration of total (unfiltered) lithium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.001
1.98
milligrams per liter
Rubidium_Total_MilligramsPerLiter_Rb
Concentration of total (unfiltered) rubidium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.002
0.307
milligrams per liter
Manganese_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Mn
Concentration of total (unfiltered) manganese
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.4
913
micrograms per liter
Strontium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sr
Concentration of total (unfiltered) strontium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
2.0
342
micrograms per liter
Barium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ba
Concentration of total (unfiltered) barium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.2
103
micrograms per liter
Phosphorus_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_P
Concentration of total (unfiltered) phosphorus
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
3
410
micrograms per liter
Arsenic_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_As
Concentration of total (unfiltered) arsenic
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.4
1750
micrograms per liter
Beryllium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Be
Concentration of total (unfiltered) beryllium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.007
3.5
micrograms per liter
Bismuth_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Bi
Concentration of total (unfiltered) bismuth
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
0.007
micrograms per liter
Cadmium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cd
Concentration of total (unfiltered) cadmium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0008
1.8
micrograms per liter
Cerium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ce
Concentration of total (unfiltered) cerium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.038
19
micrograms per liter
Cobalt_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Co
Concentration of total (unfiltered) cobalt
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
1.2
micrograms per liter
Chromium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cr
Concentration of total (unfiltered) chromium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.06
2.7
micrograms per liter
Cesium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cs
Concentration of total (unfiltered) cesium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.017
140
micrograms per liter
Copper_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Cu
Concentration of total (unfiltered) copper
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.13
9.3
micrograms per liter
Dysprosium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Dy
Concentration of total (unfiltered) dysprosium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.004
2.5
micrograms per liter
Erbium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Er
Concentration of total (unfiltered) erbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0025
1.3
micrograms per liter
Europium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Eu
Concentration of total (unfiltered) europium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.0002
0.26
micrograms per liter
Gadolinium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Gd
Concentration of total (unfiltered) gadolinium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.005
2.7
micrograms per liter
Holmium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ho
Concentration of total (unfiltered) holmium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0009
0.46
micrograms per liter
Lanthanum_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_La
Concentration of total (unfiltered) lanthanum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.029
8.2
micrograms per liter
Lutetium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Lu
Concentration of total (unfiltered) lutetium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.003
0.15
micrograms per liter
Molybdenum_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Mo
Concentration of total (unfiltered) molybdenum
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.05
58
micrograms per liter
Neodymium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Nd
Concentration of total (unfiltered) neodymium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.03
12
micrograms per liter
Nickel_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Ni
Concentration of total (unfiltered) nickel
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.055
4.6
micrograms per liter
Lead_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Pb
Concentration of total (unfiltered) lead
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.013
4.7
micrograms per liter
Praseodymium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Pr
Concentration of total (unfiltered) praseodymium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0068
2.9
micrograms per liter
Rhenium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Re
Concentration of total (unfiltered) rhenium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.001
<0.01
micrograms per liter
Antimony_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sb
Concentration of total (unfiltered) antimony
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.01
33
micrograms per liter
Selenium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Se
Concentration of total (unfiltered) selenium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.08
7
micrograms per liter
Samarium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sm
Concentration of total (unfiltered) samarium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.005
3.0
micrograms per liter
Tin_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Sn
Concentration of total (unfiltered) tin
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.004
0.23
micrograms per liter
Terbium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tb
Concentration of total (unfiltered) terbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0006
0.43
micrograms per liter
Tellurium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Te
Concentration of total (unfiltered) tellurium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.003
<0.2
micrograms per liter
Thorium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Th
Concentration of total (unfiltered) thorium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.0015
5
micrograms per liter
Thallium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tl
Concentration of total (unfiltered) thallium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.007
0.8
micrograms per liter
Thulium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Tm
Concentration of total (unfiltered) thulium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.00032
0.18
micrograms per liter
Uranium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_U
Concentration of total (unfiltered) uranium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.014
0.9
micrograms per liter
Vanadium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_V
Concentration of total (unfiltered) vanadium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.01
3.1
micrograms per liter
Tungsten_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_W
Concentration of total (unfiltered) tungsten
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.06
27
micrograms per liter
Yttrium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Y
Concentration of total (unfiltered) yttrium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
0.029
12
micrograms per liter
Ytterbium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Yb
Concentration of total (unfiltered) ytterbium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.009
1.1
micrograms per liter
Zinc_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Zn
Concentration of total (unfiltered) zinc
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
<0.3
57
micrograms per liter
Zirconium_Total_MicrogramsPerLiter_Zr
Concentration of total (unfiltered) zirconium
Producer Defined
<< empty cell >>
No Data
Producer defined
12
61
micrograms per liter
dataset
EPSG
6.18.3(9.3.1.2)
Simple
FALSE
0
TRUE
FALSE