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R. Blaine McCleskey
USGS
Research Chemist
(303) 541-3079
3215 Marine Street, Suite E. 127
Boulder
Colorado
80303
US
rbmccles@usgs.gov
20230208
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Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
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https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BP011G
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BP011G
File Geodatabase Feature Class
Specific conductance data for selected rivers and creeks in Yellowstone National Park, beginning in 2010
2019
R. Blaine McCleskey
Erin B. White
David A. Roth
Ethan B. Stevens
spreadsheet
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Monitoring the chloride (Cl) flux in the major rivers draining Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provides a holistic view of the thermal output from the underlying magma reservoir, and abrupt fluctuations in the Cl flux may signify changes in hydrothermal activity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS) have collaborated on Cl flux monitoring of the major rivers since the 1970s. In the past, researchers collected water samples from the major rivers in YNP, but funding restrictions, winter conditions, and the great distances between sites limited the number of samples collected annually. Beginning in 2010, specific conductance, which is relatively easy to measure and can be automated, has been used as a proxy for Cl. The use of specific conductance probes at the various monitoring sites enables a more consistent estimation of Cl flux. Consistent monitoring is useful to identify changes in river chemistry due to geyser eruptions, rain events, or changes in thermal inputs caused by earthquakes or other natural events. The use of specific conductance as a proxy for Cl requires quantification of the relationship between specific conductance, Cl, and other geothermal solutes and the relationship needs to be periodically verified. This data release contains specific conductance measurements (every 15 minutes) and water chemistry data from monitoring sites along the Madison River, Firehole River, Gibbon River, Snake River, Gardner River, Fall River, Yellowstone River, and Tantalus Creek. For several sites, there are periods of time when specific conductance is not reported because the data was likely unreliable due to failure or fouling of the specific conductance probe. There are also specific conductance and discharge data available from the USGS National Water Information System (USGS NWIS, https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt). </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>The following list details the sites included in this data release and the National Water Information System site identification numbers.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Yellowstone River near Corwin Springs, 06191500; Gardner River near Mammoth, 06191000; Firehole River near West Yellowstone, 06036905; Firehole River at Old Faithful, 06036805; Fall River near Squirrel, Idaho, 13046995; Gibbon River at Madison Junction, 06037100; Madison River near West Yellowstone, 06040000; Snake River near Flagg Ranch WY, 13010065; and Tantalus Creek at Norris Junction, 06036940.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>First posted - January 28, 2019 (available from author)</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Revised - May 6, 2020 (version 2.0)</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>NOTE: While previous versions are available from the author, all the records in previous versions can be found in version 2.0.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Data were downloaded and compiled by the Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) in February, 2023 for display on the interactive Geology of Yellowstone Map. The WSGS has not formally reviewed or quality-controlled these data; users are encouraged to consult the original data source.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
To provide specific conductance and water chemistry data from the following chloride-flux monitoring sites: Yellowstone River near Corwin Springs, Gardner River near Mammoth, Firehole River near West Yellowstone, Firehole River at Old Faithful, Fall River near Squirrel, Idaho, Gibbon River at Madison Junction, Madison River near West Yellowstone, Snake River near Flagg Ranch, and Tantalus Creek at Norris Junction.
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory and the National Park Service
McCleskey, R.B., White, E.B., Roth, D.A., and Stevens, E.B., 2019, Specific conductance data for selected rivers and creeks in Yellowstone National Park, beginning in 2010 (version 2.0, May 2020): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BP011G.
R. Blaine McCleskey
USGS Water Mission Area
Research Chemist
303-541-3071
303-541-3084
3215 Marine Street, Suite E. 127
Boulder
Colorado
80303
US
rbmccles@usgs.gov
Yellowstone National Park
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
inlandWaters
Yellowstone, Specific Conductance
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:5e860936e4b01d50927fa6dd
geoscientificInformation
inlandWaters
Yellowstone
Specific Conductance
USGS:5e860936e4b01d50927fa6dd
Yellowstone National Park
<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner whenever applicable. The data have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. Although the data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Users of the data are advised to read all metadata and associated documentation thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
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Specific Conductance Data
An In-Situ Aqua Troll 100 Data Logger was used to measure and store specific conductance measurements. Specific conductance measurements were made every 15 minutes. The specific conductance monitoring data were periodically checked against discrete measurements. The hand-held field meter used for discrete measurements and the continuous specific conductance probe were calibrated using NIST traceable standards and measurements were made following the procedure described in the USGS National Field Manual (USGS, 2015).
Water Quality Data
Samples were collected near the specific conductance monitoring sites. At the time of collection, all waters samples were filtered through a syringe filter (0.45-micrometer). Two splits of the filtered water were retained for chemical analyses, including an unacidified (FU) sample for determination of anion concentrations and a nitric acid preserved (FA; 1% volume-to-volume concentrated trace-metal grade nitric acid) sample for cation and trace metal analyses. During sample collection, the water temperature, specific conductance, and pH were measured. Concentrations of chloride, fluoride, bromide, and sulfate were determined with an ion chromatograph (Dionex DX600). Analytical errors for these constituents were typically less than 2%. Total alkalinity, as bicarbonate, was determined by titration with sulfuric acid to the bicarbonate end-point. The analytical error in alkalinity concentrations was approximately ± 3%. Concentrations of cations and trace metals were determined with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer Optima 7300 DV) following the methods described in Ball and others (2010). Arsenic concentrations for selected samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer PinAAcle 900T). Quality Control (QC) analyses included standard reference water samples, sample replicates, and blanks. The accuracy of the water chemistry data was checked by calculating charge and specific conductance balance using PHREEQCI (McCleskey, 2018; McCleskey and others, 2012).
References
Ball, J.W., McCleskey, R.B., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2010, Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2006-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1192, 109 p.
McCleskey, R.B., 2018, Calculated specific conductance using PHREEQCI: U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M907VD.
McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Ryan, J.N., and Ball, J.W., 2012, A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 369-382, available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703711006181
USGS, 2015. A.6 Field Measurements. 6.3 Specific Electrical Conductance, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1-A9, available online at https://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/compiled/NFM_complete.pdf.
Continuous specific conductance data was periodically checked against discrete hand-held measurements. There were periodic data gaps caused by fouling of the probe due to high sediment flows or ice formation.
The specific conductance data reported here are final. There were periodic data gaps caused by fouling of the probe due to high sediment flows or ice formation. The discharge data (shown in figures and used to calculate loads) is subject to change at the discretion of National Water Information System (NWIS). The data release will be updated as new data become available.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
An In-Situ Aqua Troll 100 Data Logger was used to measure and store specific conductance measurements. All specific conductance measurements are reported at 25 degrees Celsius (°C) using ISO-7888 temperature compensation.
The data was downloaded from the Aqua Troll 100 using Win Situ mobile software and a Rugged Reader field computer.
2019-10-01
Version 2.0 includes the following changes:
1. Specific conductance data at each site incorporates measurements made in water year 2019
2. Water quality data at each monitoring site incorporates samples collected in 2019
2020-05-04
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